Esquirol was the most outstanding pupil of Philippe Pinel, the famous reformer in the treatment of the insane and assisted his master at Salpetrière in the efforts of introducing more humane methods. Esquirol’s classic Des Maladies Mental became a basic text for half a century and stimulated his students to contribute to new definitions in clinical psychiatry. The 16 delicately engraved plates by Ambroise Tardieu represent the first important iconography of the insane.